Calculus 8th Edition

Published by Cengage
ISBN 10: 1285740629
ISBN 13: 978-1-28574-062-1

Chapter 3 - Applications of Differentiation - Problems Plus - Problems - Page 290: 3

Answer

Let $$ y=\frac{\sin x}{x} $$ $\Rightarrow$ $$ y^{\prime}=\frac{x \cos x-\sin x}{x^{2}} $$ $\Rightarrow$ $$ y^{\prime \prime}=\frac{-x^{2} \sin x-2 x \cos x+2 \sin x}{x^{3}} $$ If $ (x, y)$ is an inflection point, then $$ \begin{aligned} y^{\prime \prime}=0 & \Rightarrow\left(2-x^{2}\right) \sin x=2 x \cos x \\ \left(2-x^{2}\right) \sin x=2 x \cos x & \Rightarrow\left(2-x^{2}\right)^{2} \sin ^{2} x=4 x^{2} \cos ^{2} x \\ & \Rightarrow \left(2-x^{2}\right)^{2} \sin ^{2} x=4 x^{2}\left(1-\sin ^{2} x\right) \end{aligned} $$ $ \Rightarrow$ $$ \left(4-4 x^{2}+x^{4}\right) \sin ^{2} x=4 x^{2}-4 x^{2} \sin ^{2} x $$ $ \Rightarrow$ $$ \left(4+x^{4}\right) \sin ^{2} x=4 x^{2} $$ $ \Rightarrow$ $$ \left(x^{4}+4\right) \frac{\sin ^{2} x}{x^{2}}=4 $$ Since $y=\frac{\sin x}{x}$ then we obtain: $$ y^{2}\left(x^{4}+4\right)=4 $$

Work Step by Step

Let $$ y=\frac{\sin x}{x} $$ $\Rightarrow$ $$ y^{\prime}=\frac{x \cos x-\sin x}{x^{2}} $$ $\Rightarrow$ $$ y^{\prime \prime}=\frac{-x^{2} \sin x-2 x \cos x+2 \sin x}{x^{3}} $$ If $ (x, y)$ is an inflection point, then $$ \begin{aligned} y^{\prime \prime}=0 & \Rightarrow\left(2-x^{2}\right) \sin x=2 x \cos x \\ \left(2-x^{2}\right) \sin x=2 x \cos x & \Rightarrow\left(2-x^{2}\right)^{2} \sin ^{2} x=4 x^{2} \cos ^{2} x \\ & \Rightarrow \left(2-x^{2}\right)^{2} \sin ^{2} x=4 x^{2}\left(1-\sin ^{2} x\right) \end{aligned} $$ $ \Rightarrow$ $$ \left(4-4 x^{2}+x^{4}\right) \sin ^{2} x=4 x^{2}-4 x^{2} \sin ^{2} x $$ $ \Rightarrow$ $$ \left(4+x^{4}\right) \sin ^{2} x=4 x^{2} $$ $ \Rightarrow$ $$ \left(x^{4}+4\right) \frac{\sin ^{2} x}{x^{2}}=4 $$ Since $y=\frac{\sin x}{x}$ then we obtain: $$ y^{2}\left(x^{4}+4\right)=4 $$
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