Answer
$(x-1)^{2}(x+1)^{2}$
Work Step by Step
We treat $x^4$ as $(x^2)^2$ and use the fact that $(a-b)(a+b)=a^2-b^2$:
$x^{4}-2x^{2}+1=(x^{2}-1)^{2}=[(x-1)(x+1)]^{2}=(x-1)^{2}(x+1)^{2}$
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