Answer
$ (y+2)(y-2)(y^2+4)$
Work Step by Step
$y^4 - 16 = (y^2)^2 - (4)^2 = (y^2 - 4)(y^2 + 4)$
and then
$y^2 - 4 = (y)^2 - (2)^2 = (y-2)(y+2)$
Therefore
$y^4 - 16 = (y^2)^2 - (4)^2 = (y^2 - 4)(y^2 + 4) = (y+2)(y-2)(y^2+4)$
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