Answer
a) 13
b) 19
Work Step by Step
a) (177 mod 31+270 mod 31) mod 31=(-9 mod 31-9 mod 31) mod 31= -18 mod 31= 13
b) (177 mod 31*270 mod 31) mod 31=(-9 mod 31)(-9 mod 31) mod 31= 81 mod 31=19
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