Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, Seventh Edition

Published by McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN 10: 0073383090
ISBN 13: 978-0-07338-309-5

Chapter 2 - Section 2.4 - Sequences and Summations - Exercises - Page 168: 10

Answer

$(a)\space -1, 2, -4, 8, -16, 32 $ $(b) \space 2, -1, -3, -2, 1, 3$ $(c) \space 1, 3, 27, 2187, 14348907, (3\times14348907^2)$ $(d) \space -1, 0, 1, 3, 13, 74$ $(e)\space 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1$

Work Step by Step

$(a)$ Here, $a_n = -2a_{n-1} ;\space\space a_0 = -1$ $a_1 = -2a_0 \space= -2\times-1 \space = 2$ $a_2 = -2a_1 \space= -2\times2 \space = -4$ $a_3 = -2a_2 \space= -2\times-4 \space = 8$ $a_4 = -2a_3 \space= -2\times8 \space = -16$ $a_5 = -2a_4 \space= -2\times-16 \space = 32$ so the first six terms of the sequence is -1, 2, -4, 8, -16, 32. $(b)$ Here, $a_n = a_{n-1} - a_{n-2}; \space a_0 = 2; \space a_1 = -1$ $a_2 = a_1 - a_0 \space = -1 - 2 \space = -3 $ $a_3 = a_2 - a_1 \space = -3 - (-1) \space = -2 $ $a_4 = a_3 - a_2 \space = -2 - (-3) \space = 1 $ $a_5 = a_4 - a_3 \space = 1 - (-2) \space = 3 $ so the first six terms of the sequence is 2, -1, -3, -2, 1, 3. $(c)$ Here, $a_n = 3a_{n-1}^2 \space =; a_0 = 1$ $a_1 = 3a_0^2 \space = 3\times(1^2) \space = 3\times(1) = 3$ $a_2 = 3a_1^2 \space = 3\times(3^2) \space = 3\times(9) = 27$ $a_3 = 3a_2^2 \space = 3\times(27^2) \space = 3\times(729) = 2187$ $a_4 = 3a_3^2 \space = 3\times(2187^2) \space = 3\times(4782969) = 14348907$ $a_5 = 3a_4^2 \space = 3\times(14348907^2)$ so the first six terms of the sequence is 1, 3, 27, 2187, 14348907, ($3\times14348907^2$). $(d)$ Here, $a_n = na_{n-1} + a_{n-2}^2; \space a_0 = -1; \space a_1 = 0$ $a_2 = 2a_1 + a_0^2 \space = 2(0) + (-1)^2 \space = 0 + 1 \space= 1$ $a_3 = 3a_2 + a_1^2 \space = 3(1) + (0)^2 \space = 3 + 0 \space= 3$ $a_4 = 4a_3 + a_2^2 \space = 4(3) + (1)^2 \space = 12 + 1 \space= 13$ $a_5 = 5a_4 + a_3^2 \space = 5(13) + (3)^2 \space = 65 + 9 \space= 74$ so the first six terms of the sequence is -1, 0, 1, 3, 13, 74. $(e)$ Here, $a_n = a_{n-1} - a_{n-2} + a_{n-3} \space ; a_0 = 1; \space ; a_1 = 1; \space a_2 = 2$ $a_3 = a_2 - a_1 + a_0 \space = 2 -1+1 = 2 $ $a_4 = a_3 - a_2 + a_1 \space = 2 -2+1 = 1 $ $a_5 = a_4 - a_3 + a_2 \space = 1 -2+2 = 1 $ so the first six terms of the sequence is 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1.
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