Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, Seventh Edition

Published by McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN 10: 0073383090
ISBN 13: 978-0-07338-309-5

Chapter 1 - Section 1.8 - Proof Methods and Strategy - Exercises - Page 108: 28

Answer

Possible two-digit endings of a square of an integer are, 00,,01,21,41,61,81,04,44,84,24,64,09,69,29,89,49,18,96,76,56,36,25

Work Step by Step

here is the step by step and to the question Without loss of generality, we can assume that n is non-negative since the square of an integer and square of its negative integer are same. let +++++ with where l is remainder and an integer between 0 and 9 inclusive. Now calculate the square of all possible cases and observe the pattern of last two digits (10 k+0)^{2}=100 k^{2}+20 k \times 0+0^{2} (10 k+1)^{2}=100 k^{2}+20 k \times 1+1^{2} (10 k+3)^{2}=100 k^{2}+20 k \times 3+3^{2} (10 k+4)^{2}=100 k^{2}+20 k \times 4+4^{2} (10 k+5)^{2}=100 k^{2}+20 k \times 5+5^{2} (10 k+6)^{2}=100 k^{2}+20 k \times 6+6^{2} (10 k+7)^{2}=100 k^{2}+20 k \times 7+7^{2} (10 k+8)^{2}=100 k^{2}+20 k \times 8+8^{2} (10 k+9)^{2}=100 k^{2}+20 k \times 9+9^{2} for the last two digits, our main concern is only on, 20 k \times 0+0^{2}=00 20 k \times 1+1^{2}=(2 k) 1 bracketed term ( ) is even. 20 k \times 2+2^{2}=(4 k) 4 20 k \times 3+3^{2}=(6 k) 9 20 k \times 1+1^{2}=(8 k+1)6 20 k \times 5 +5^{2}=25 20 k \times 6+6^{2}=(12 k+3)6 20 k \times 7+7^{2}=(14 k+4)9 20 k \times 8+8^{2}=(16 k+6)4 20 k \times 9+9^{2}=(18 k+8)1 hence we ca say possible two digit endings of a square of an integer are, 00,,01,21,18,96,76,56,41,64,09,69,29,89,61,81,04,44,84,24,49,36,25
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