Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, Seventh Edition

Published by McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN 10: 0073383090
ISBN 13: 978-0-07338-309-5

Chapter 1 - Section 1.8 - Proof Methods and Strategy - Exercises - Page 108: 27

Answer

0, 1, 5, 6

Work Step by Step

Consider $n$ an integer. We can write it in the form: $n=10a+b$, where $b$ is its last digit. Compute $n^4$: $n^4=(10a+b)^4=10,000a^4+4000a^3b+600a^2b^2+40ab^3+b^4$. The first 4 terms of this sum are numbers which end with a zero, therefore the last digit of $n^4$ is the last digit of $b^4$. Compute $b^4$ for the numbers 0,1,2,...,8,9: $0^4=0$ $1^4=1$ $2^4=16$ $3^4=81$ $4^4=256$ $5^4=625$ $6^4=1296$ $7^4=2401$ $8^4=4096$ $9^4=6561$ The last digit of $b^4$ is in the set $\{0,1,5,6\}$, so the fourth power of an integer ends in 0, 1, 5 or 6.
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