Answer
d. arbitrary redistributions between debtors and creditors
Work Step by Step
Arbitrary redistributions of wealth between creditors and debtors would occur when there is an unpredictable increase in the rate of inflation or deflation in the economy suddenly. This happens because the terms of loans are fixed at the time of obtaining credit and any sudden and unpredictable change in the rate of inflation or deflation would distort the value of money than expected. An unexpected increase in the rate of inflation would redistribute the wealth towards the debtors away from creditors and an unexpected increase in the rate of deflation would redistribute wealth towards the creditors away from the debtors
