Nameless
Tzu writes, “Nameless, is the origin of Heaven and Earth; The named is the Mother of all Things. Thus, the constant void enables one to observe the true essence.” Nameless underscores that the universe's exact origin cannot be pinpointed. The origin is similar to an indiscernible void that is beyond humanity's comprehension.
Bellows
Tzu expounds, “The space between heaven and earth is like the bellows, it appears empty yet it gives a supply that never fails; The more it moves, the more it brings forth.” The metaphorical bellows suggest that 'heaven and earth' are not separated by void. They are joined by mystical thunders that fill the emptiness that is assumed to separate them.
“Flowing Water”
Tzu remarks, “A person of great virtue is like the flowing water. Water benefits all things and contends not with them…A virtuous person is like water which adapts itself to the perfect place.” The emblematical ‘flowing water’ accentuates the desirability of virtues. Virtuous people benefit others in the same way that flowing water sustains life. Virtues are contributory to perfect existence.
“Overflowing water”
Tzu declares, “Those who overly pride wealth is like the overflowing water which shall cause damages. It is better to restrain.” The allegorical overflowing water highlights the inevitable destruction that follows pride. Being excessively proud about one’s wealth contributes to catastrophic failure.
“Edge of a Knife”
Tzu expounds, “Those who are not content with fame is like polishing the edge of a knife. The sharper it gets, the easier it is to break. Wealth and treasures are but illusions that one cannot possess.” Lack of contentment would push one to seek more and more fame which will end up destroying him or her like a very sharp knife would. Fame is an illusion, hence; one should not pursue it greedily.
