- 1978 Creative Artists Public Service Grant[23]
- 1978 Madeline Sadin Award, New York Quarterly[24]
- 1979 Younger Poets Award, Poetry Miscellany[23]
- 1980 Satan Says inaugural San Francisco Poetry Center Award.
- 1981–1982 Guggenheim Fellowship, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation[25]
- 1982–1983 National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship[26]
- 1983 The Dead and the Living Lamont Poetry Prize,[27] and the National Book Critics Circle Award.
- 1992 The Father, shortlisted for the T. S. Eliot Prize[9] and was a finalist for The National Book Critics Circle Award.[28]
- 1993–1996 Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Writers Award[29]
- 1998–2000 New York State Poet Laureate[18]
- 2002 Academy of American Poets Fellowship[30]
- 2002 The Unswept Room, Finalist for the National Book Award for Poetry[31]
- 2003 Judge, Griffin Poetry Prize; for "distinguished poetic achievement at mid-career"[32]
- 2004 Barnes & Noble Writers for Writers Awards[33]
- 2004 Became member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[34]
- 2006–2012 Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets[35]
- 2009 One Secret Thing, shortlisted for the T.S. Eliot Prize[36] and the Forward Prize[37]
- 2012 T.S. Eliot Prize, Stag's Leap[16]
- 2012 Stag's Leap, named as one of "Oprah's Favorite Reads of 2012"[38]
- 2013 Pulitzer Prize, Stag's Leap[3]
- 2014 Donald Hall-Jane Kenyon Prize in American Poetry[39]
- 2015 Elected to become a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters (to be inducted mid-May 2015)[40]
- 2016 Wallace Stevens Award from the Academy of American Poets
- 2020 Shortlisted for the Griffin Poetry Prize, Arias[41]
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