Rudyard Kipling: Poems

Discuss Conrad’s attitude toward British imperialism, paying particular attention to the way Conrad plays with images of light vs. darkness and civilization vs. savagery. What exactly does Conrad think is the problem with imperialism? What is the “horror”

In the poem “The White Man’s Burden”, Rudyard Kipling portrays the idea that Europe and America had an obligation to shine the “light” of civilization into the “darkness” of “savage” places like Africa. Most scholars see Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness as a critique of this imperialist project. Discuss Conrad’s attitude toward British imperialism, paying particular attention to the way Conrad plays with images of light vs. darkness and civilization vs. savagery. What exactly does Conrad think is the problem with imperialism? What is the “horror” that the character Kurtz refers to with his dying breath? Be sure to cite specific passages from the text that support your interpretation. Once you have a clear understanding of the text, you can move on to evaluation and application. For example, you may wish to discuss ways that Conrad’s novel expresses racist attitudes that might undercut his attempted critique of imperialism. In other words, you may wish to discuss how Conrad is an example of Edward Said’s concept of “orientalism”. Or you may wish to discuss other examples of orientalism you see in today’s culture.

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Although Kipling has a negative reputation for his promulgation of the British Empire and its imperialist ambitions, he was not naive about the difficulties of empire-building and was aware of the dangers of hubris and ignorance when it came to enforcing the laws of the British colonies. "The White Man's Burden" in particular warns about the problems faced by those who devoted themselves to the colonial cause: they might face scorn or criticism; they must watch out for sloth and folly; they will face resistance from their "captive" peoples; they must realize that they may not garner the praise they expected; and they will be working extremely hard. "Recessional" also deals with this theme; in that poem Kipling warns not to forget about God when reaping the glory and treasures of Empire, and not to forget that all worldly possessions will fade into dust. These two poems are important warnings to those jingoistic politicians and adventurers blithely venturing into colonies without thought of the complexities of their endeavor.