- In Thomas Mann's novella Death in Venice, the narrator's young love Tadzio is associated with Phaedrus.
- In Mary Renault's 1953 novel The Charioteer, a text of Phaedrus is passed among the characters (gay men during World War II) and the image of the charioteer and his white and black horses recurs as the protagonist struggles to choose between consummated and unconsummated love.
- In a key scene from the film adaptation of Maurice, students, including Maurice, attend Dean Cornwallis's translation class in which two undergraduates orally translate into English the text (based on) Phaedrus (Stephanus 251a, 255a–e), during which the Dean instructs one to "Omit the reference to the unspeakable vice of the Greeks".
- The 2016 film, Knight of Cups by Terrence Malick is inspired, in part, by Phaedrus.
- In Robert M. Pirsig's fictionalized autobiographical novel Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Pirsig refers to his past self from before undergoing electroconvulsive therapy in the third person and using the name "Phaedrus," intended to reflect his opposition to certain educational and philosophical ideas. The character reappears in the follow-up "Lila: An Inquiry into Morals".
- In Virginia Woolf's 1922 novel Jacob's Room, Jacob reads Phaedrus alone in his room after a visit to the "enormous mind," as Woolf characterizes the British Museum.
- In Wes Anderson's film The French Dispatch, the introduction to "Revisions to a Manifesto" has speech similar to that found in Phaedrus.
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