Mahabharata: The Greatest Spiritual Epic of All Time
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Mahabharata

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Notes

  1. ^ Brockington (1998, p. 26)
  2. ^ Van Buitenen; The Mahabharata - 1; The Book of the Beginning. Introduction (Authorship and Date)
  3. ^ bhārata means the progeny of Bharata, the legendary king who is claimed to have founded the Bhāratavarsha kingdom.
  4. ^ Spodek, Howard. Richard Mason. The World's History. Pearson Education: 2006, New Jersey. 224, 0-13-177318-6
  5. ^ Amartya Sen, The Argumentative Indian. Writings on Indian Culture, History and Identity, London: Penguin Books, 2005.
  6. ^ Sattar 1996, pp. lvi-lvii
  7. ^ SP Gupta and KS Ramachandran (1976), p.3-4
  8. ^ Cited approvingly in Max Duncker, The History of Antiquity (trans. Evelyn Abbott, London 1880), vol. 4, p. 81.
  9. ^ For example, John Campbell Oman, The Great Indian Epics (London 1895), p. 215.
  10. ^ 18 books, 18 chapters of the Bhagavadgita and the Narayaniya each, corresponding to the 18 days of the battle and the 18 armies (Mbh. 5.152.23)
  11. ^ The Ashvamedhika-parva is also preserved in a separate version, the Jaimini-Bharata (Jaiminiya-ashvamedha) where the frame dialogue is replaced, the narration being attributed to Jaimini, another disciple of Vyasa. This version contains far more devotional material (related to Krishna) than the standard epic and probably dates to the 12th century. It has some regional versions, the most popular being the Kannada one by Devapurada Annama Lakshmisha (16th century).The Mahabharata[citation needed]
  12. ^ In discussing the dating question, historian A. L. Basham says: "According to the most popular later tradition the Mahabharata War took place in 3102 BCE, which in the light of all evidence, is quite impossible. More reasonable is another tradition, placing it in the 15th century BCE, but this is also several centuries too early in the light of our archaeological knowledge. Probably the war took place around the beginning of the 9th century BCE; such a date seems to fit well with the scanty archaeological remains of the period, and there is some evidence in the Brahmana literature itself to show that it cannot have been much earlier." Basham, p. 40, citing HC Raychaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, pp.27ff.
  13. ^ M Witzel, Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state, EJVS vol.1 no.4 (1995); also in B. Kölver (ed.), Recht, Staat und Verwaltung im klassischen Indien. The state, the Law, and Administration in Classical India, München, R. Oldenbourg, 1997, p.27-52
  14. ^ A.D. Pusalker, History and Culture of the Indian People, Vol I, Chapter XIV, p.273
  15. ^ FE Pargiter, Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, p.180. He shows estimates of the average as 47, 50, 31 and 35 for various versions of the lists.
  16. ^ Pargiter, op.cit. p.180-182
  17. ^ B. B. Lal, Mahabharata and Archaeology in Gupta and Ramachandran (1976), p.57-58
  18. ^ Gupta and Ramachandran (1976), p.246, who summarize as follows: "Astronomical calculations favor 15th century BCE as the date of the war while the Puranic data place it in the 10th/9th century BCE. Archaeological evidence points towards the latter." (p.254)
  19. ^ Gupta and Ramachandran (1976), p.55; AD Pusalker, HCIP, Vol I, p.272
  20. ^ AD Pusalker, op.cit. p.272
  21. ^ P.V.Vartak, Swayambhu (in Marathi), Ved Vidnyana Mandal, Pune
  22. ^ Mallory (2005:139).
  23. ^ [1]
  24. ^ Book 1: Adi Parva: Jatugriha Parva
  25. ^ Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sabhakriya Parva
  26. ^ Plant Cultures - picture details
  27. ^ Srinivas, Smriti (2004) [2001]. Landscapes of Urban Memory. Orient Longman. pp. 23. ISBN 8125022546. OCLC 46353272. 
  28. ^ Bhandarkar Institute, Pune—Virtual Pune
  29. ^ Mahabharat at the Internet Movie Database (1920 film)
  30. ^ C. J. Wallia (1996). "IndiaStar book review: Satyajit Ray by Surabhi Banerjee". http://www.indiastar.com/satyajitray.html. Retrieved 2009-05-31. 
  31. ^ Mahabharat at the Internet Movie Database (1988-1990 TV series)
  32. ^ The Mahabharata at the Internet Movie Database (1989 mini-series)
  33. ^ What makes Shyam special...
  34. ^ Several editions of the Kisari Mohan Ganguli translation of the Mahabharata incorrectly cite Pratap Chandra Roy as translator and this error has been perpetuated into secondary citations. See the publishers preface to the current Munshiram Manoharlal edition for an explanation.
  35. ^ The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli at the Internet Sacred Text Archive
  36. ^ Introduction to the Bhagavad Gita
  37. ^ Maharishi Mahesh Yogi; On The Bhagavad Gita; A New Translation and Commentary With Sanskrit Text Chapters 1 to 6, Preface p.9
  38. ^ Stevenson, Robert W., "Tilak and the Bhagavadgita's Doctrine of Karmayoga", in: Minor, p. 44.
  39. ^ Jordens, J. T. F., "Gandhi and the Bhagavadgita", in: Minor, p. 88.

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