In the book Lord of the Flies by William Golding, how does Jack make Ralph lose hope?

Ralph's feelings of hopelessness come to a head when he loses control of the group. The conch shell is no longer a symbol of authority, and Jack's actions, as well as the actions of the other hunters have immersed the boys in chaos. Simon's death, and the participation of ALL of the boys in his murder culminates in the complete disintegration of civilization. Simon's death and Jack's subsequent role as the leader of the boys has left Ralph dejected, guilt ridden and hopeless.