What does Loewen reveal about the challenge of upward mobility for african americans? How was this challenge similar and different for native americans?

African Americans who became the most acculturated became targets for whites. Major League Baseball players, before Jackie Robinson, were forced out of the game because of their skill. In 1911 the Kentucky Derby eliminated black jockeys after they won fifteen of the first twenty-eight derbies. This challenge was similar for native Americans,

"...just as they had the most acculturated Native Americans, so upward mobility offered no way out for blacks but only made them more of a target. In the North as well as in the South, African-Americans from skilled occupations and even unskilled jobs such as postal carriers."