The Speaker
The speaker is the only character in the poem. He talks about having lost his wisdom for the momentary of life. He projects a sense of discontentment and decadence, saying that merely for touching the pleasures of life, he is forever tainted and has lost the "soul's inheritance".
The speaker essentially wishes to contemplate the greater truth of life, and dissociate himself from small pleasures of passion.
God
There is a bleak reference to God in this poem, but it seems like a rather secular connotation as it is not mentioned which god he is talking about.
