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References in other works

• Dmitri Shostakovich, Four Verses of Captain Lebyadkin for bass and piano, Opus 146 (1974). Shostakovich draws his text from Lebyadkin's puerile and pretentious poetry, which is scattered through the novel. He stated: "There is much of the buffoon in Lebyadkin, but much more of the sinister. I have turned out a very sinister composition."^[9]
• Casablanca (film). The "Marseillaise" scene in this movie appears to be derived from an anecdote in the novel. In the film, the Marseillaise is sung by embittered French characters in response to a group of Germans singing, ultimately dominating then drowning out the German singers. In the novel, the German song wins, but there are other striking similarities.^[10]
• The Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus. Camus discusses the novel along with others by Dostoyevsky in relation to absurdism, particularly Kirillov and his choice to kill himself.
• In 2012 UK feature film Life Just Is, lead character 'Pete' has a breakdown and reaches for the novel in a frantic attempt to find answers to his existential dilemmas.