The characters in the novel include:
- Astylus – Dionysophanes' son
- Chloe – the heroine
- Daphnis – the hero
- Dionysophanes – Daphnis' master and father
- Dorcon – the would-be suitor of Chloe
- Dryas – Chloe's foster father
- Eros – god of love
- Eudromus – a messenger
- Gnathon – the would-be suitor of Daphnis
- Lamon – Daphnis' foster father
- Lampis – a cow-herder
- Lycaenion – woman who educates Daphnis in love-making
- Megacles – Chloe's father
- Myrtale – Daphnis' foster mother
- Nape – Chloe's foster mother
- Pan - god of shepherds and the wild
- Philetas – old countryman who advises the heroes about love; likely named after Philitas of Cos[4]
- Rhode – Chloe's mother
