Dramatic Irony of Innocence
Although Hawkins is entirely innocent, he is hanged for a murder he didn't commit. The real murderer, Falkland is not accused due to his wealth and status. Caleb later proves Falkland's guilt. The reader knows he is guilty, while the court and community believe he is innocent, which is an example of dramatic irony.
Success vs. criticism
This novel was criticized by critics and members of the establishment, who believed that Godwin was advocating anarchy and disorder. Ironically, however, this novel was a commercial success, meaning that the public might have been ready for societal changes.
Criticism from the elite
Critics of this text were largely people who were wealthy and of high status in society. They criticized the text as it seemed to be a threat to the existing social order. This criticism is ironic, as they are only critical as the text directly threatens their way of life.
