How doe Ibsen attempt to end the play on an optimistic rather than a pessimistic note?

I think, in the end, it was optimistic. Nora actually did leave instead of killing herself. Nora's epiphany that there is more to her identity and life than Torvald's illusions and fantasies. Despite Nora's sometimes neurotic mood swings she does slam the door on a very toxic relationship. That was optimistic, especially for those times.

I think, in the end, it was optimistic. Nora actually did leave instead of killing herself. Nora's epiphany, that there is more to her identity and life than Torvald's illusions and fantasies, is the turning point that offers hope for our protagonist. Despite Nora's sometimes neurotic mood swings she does slam the door on a very toxic relationship. That was optimistic, especially for those times